Chapter 6. Data Inspection

Use the dynamic xy plot to monitor the behaviour of different evaluations over a determined time. One ore more sensors can be displayed in the plot.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Time variation the Dynamic XY plot. Select a data logger from the project and determine the period. Choose the Evaluators, which should be monitored. Select a Statistic and click on Apply to display the diagram.

The plot is splitted into two graphs. The upper graph is used for zoom and detail analysis. The lower graph displays always the chosen timespan overview. It does not move or zoom, but it is possible to select an area to enable detail analysis in upper graph section.

Evaluations with available statistics are displayed next to the right border of plot area. The number of evaluations is limited to five. Pick an evaluation type and statistic and the available evaluations will be displayed. Select one or more of them. To update the graph with new selection click button Apply. If you want to save your setup as preset, give it a name in the text field left of the "Add Preset" button, click Add preset.

Above the plot area is a timepicker field. Chose "date from" date and a period like "Day", "Week" or "Month". E.g. if a date is defined and "Day" is selected, the next 24h will be displayed. With "Week" selected, a timspan of a week will be displayed. Start date is the date you defined.

The upper graph is zoomable by mouse wheel or select an area in lower graph.

In upper graph the lines are highlightable. If you click on one line you want to highlight, the other lines will fade out. To reset the focus click on empty space in the upper plot area. It is also possible to click on the evaluation name above upper plot area. The related line will disappear. Click again and the line will be displayed again.

To get detail information about single measurment points, hover the mouse pointer over the line section. The tooltip shows the selected timestamp and all evaluations with values.

	Tip
	You can switch between the periods "Day", "Week" and "Month" with already selected evaluations. It is not necessary to use "Apply" button.

Figure 6.2. Options: Dynamic xy plot

Existing presets can be picked with the dropdown menu next to the Manage button. To manage presets click Manage to see all your created presets listed. One of them can be set as default. Means if you enter the dynamic XY plot page the next time this preset will be shown first. The system will pick a default preset, if not otherwise defined.

It is also possible to rename existing presets, click Edit to do so. In the edit menu the preset can also be deleted. To set the preset as default, click Set default button.

The band graph indicates the daily behaviour of an evaluation for a specified period. Thus the differences between day and night can be analysed. Only one sensor can be displayed in a graph.

AmmonitOR considers all hourly average values of a sensors over a certain period. For every hour of the day the average value is calculated and displayed in the diagram. Each sensor is represented in a graph, e.g., different temperature sensors.

Figure 6.3. Options: Band graph of the temperature

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Time variation the Band graph. Select a data logger from the project and enter the period, which should be displayed in the diagram. Choose an Evaluation from the dropdown list and click on Plot to display the band graph.

A data table can be displayed by clicking on Show data table. In the data table AmmonitOR lists for all sensors the hourly average values. To hide the data table, click on Hide data table.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

Figure 6.4. Example: Band graph of the temperature

The daily profile indicates the daily behaviour of an evaluation for a specified period. Thus the differences between day and night can be analysed. Each sensor is displayed in a graph.

AmmonitOR considers all hourly average values of a sensors over a certain period. For every hour of the day the average value is calculated and displayed in the diagram. Each sensor is represented in a graph, e.g., different temperature sensors.

Figure 6.5. Options: Daily profile of the temperature

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Time variation the Daily profile. Select a data logger from the project and enter the period, which should be displayed in the diagram. Choose an Evaluation type from the dropdown list and click on Plot to display the daily profile. Select Scale axis to fit data to get a more detailed view.

Figure 6.6. Example: Daily profile of the temperature

A data table can be displayed by clicking on Show data table. In the data table AmmonitOR lists for all sensors the hourly average values. To hide the data table, click on Hide data table.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The monthly profile emphasises on the seasonal impacts on the evaluation by following trends in a curve. Sensor defects can be detected.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Time variation the Monthly profile to generate a monthly profile plot. Select a data logger and determine the time period, which should be considered for the plot. Choose an Evaluator type, e.g., wind speed or temperature. Select an Average calculation method:

Figure 6.7. Options for Monthly Profile

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The periodical overlay graph completes the xy plot (see Section 6.1.2.6, “XY plot”). Using this diagram, periodical occurrences can be monitored and the trend of an evaluation can be analysed.

Ammonit displays for each day (x-axis) a coloured graph (see key next to the diagram) - all graphs are shown in one diagram. The trend of the evaluation can be monitored. Unexpected deviations can indicate measurement errors or defective sensors.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Time variation the Overlay graph. Select a data logger from the dropdown list and specify the period, which should be displayed. Choose an evaluation and select a statistic, e.g., average.

Figure 6.11. Options for the overlay graph

Click on Plot to display the diagram.

Figure 6.12. Example: Global horizontal irrediance for a specified period in an overlay graph

Below the plot a data table is shown. If the data table has more than 10 rows, the table is hidden. Click on Show data table to display the table, on Hide data table to hide the table.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The plot displays the daily sunshine hours in a bar chart. According to WMO the sun is shining at 120 W/². Sunshine duration sensors measure the sun status. The sun status can also be calculated by Ammonit Meteo-40, Meteo-40 Plus and Meteo-42 data loggers from measurement data gathered by a pyranometer. AmmonitOR does not calculate the sun status from pyranometer measurement data.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Time variation the Sunshine hour plot. Select a data logger from the project and determine the period, which should be considered. Choose an Evaluation and click on Plot.

Figure 6.13. Options for sunshine hours plot

Figure 6.14. Example: Sunshine hours for a determined period

AmmonitOR shows the daily number of sunshine hours in a data table. If more than 10 days are listed, click on Show data table to display the table, on Hide data table to make the table hidden.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

Use the xy plot to monitor the behaviour of different evaluations over a determined time. One ore more sensors can be displayed in the plot.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Time variation the XY plot. Select a data logger from the project and determine the period. Choose the Evaluators, which should be monitored. If more than one sensor should be displayed, hold the CTRL key and use the left-mouse click to select additional sensors. Select a Statistic and click on Plot to display the diagram.

For comparability all plots of the same evaluation show a common scale. In order to view more details in the plot, the axes can be scaled to fit by activating on the Scale axes to fit data checkbox.

Figure 6.15. Options for XY plot

AmmonitOR displays the plot with the evaluation on the y-axis (e.g., temperature and humidity) and time on the x-axis.

Figure 6.16. Example: Temperature for a determined period in XY plot

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The XY difference plot draws the difference between two evaluations of same evaluation type of a specified period.

Figure 6.17. Options: XY difference plot of the temperature

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Time variation the XY difference plot. Select a data logger from the project and enter the period, which should be displayed in the diagram. Choose at least two Evaluations from the dropdown list and click on Plot to display the XY differenc plot.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

Figure 6.18. Example: Wind speed for a determined period in XY difference plot

The avaliability plot displays in graphical form the values of data avaliability per evaluation.

The data avaliability is a percentage value of the imported data with valid values. If the complete data in a data file for a given period is there, the result is 100%. Every missing value, None or NaN results in decrease of data avaliability. This value is crucial for remote sensors, like LiDARs.

Important

Especially for LiDARs a data availability above 95% indicates data with good quality. For LiDAR devices ONLY in this specific plot the 10min Averages, who are below 80%, get filtered and set to Zero. That helps to judge the actual quality of the data set. Everywhere else is the data NOT pre-filtered. So be aware, if you analyse the data with other AmmonitOR Plot tools. Don't confuse Data availability with AmmonitOR's data completeness. Completeness shows, whether all data has arrived, if it is valid or not. Data availability shows the quality of data of LiDAR devices, is it 100% the LiDAR got all 600 mesurement samples in the 10min average.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Avaliability plot. Select a data logger from your project, if more than one data logger is related to the project. Select a Evaluation type and choose start and end of the period, which should be displayed. Click on Plot to show the evaluation type avaliability.

Figure 6.19. Example for the avaliability plot with filtered data, means all data samples below 80% were set to zero.

Below the plot, a data table is displayed, listing all evaluations for a chosen type, with the value of their avaliability.

	Tip
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	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The average polar displays averaged values of an evaluation per wind direction bin and wind speed bin The average polar helps analysing the dependecy of direction and wind speed for the chosen evaluation.

Chose an evaluation to draw a polar graph for a certain time period. Important is to specify the wind direction sectors as well as the wind speed bins for the averaging. The averages are displyaed in form of color map. Different color maps are available to increase the contrast.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Average polar plot. Select a data logger from your project, if more than one data logger is related to the project. Select a Evaluation type and choose start and end of the period, which should be displayed. Click on Plot to show the evaluation type average polar.

Figure 6.20. Selectable option for the average polar plot

Figure 6.21. Example for the average polar plot

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

Use this analysis to inspect calm durations on site for defined wind speed limits.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Calms analysis plot. Select a data logger, if more than one data logger is related to the project. Set lower and upper calm limit.

The lower calm limit indicates the wind speed, at which your wind turbine does not produce energy (not enough wind). The upper calm limit indicates the critical wind speed, at which your wind turbine might stop producing wind energy due to very high wind speed.

Set start and end of the period, which should be analysed. By default AmmonitOR displays 1 hour bins for the calm duration. If required, choose another bin for calm duration.

Figure 6.22. Selectable options for calms analysis

Click on Plot to display the frequency distribution for each wind speed sensor, connected to the selected data logger.

Figure 6.23. Example for calms analysis plot

Frequencies lower calm limit are displayed in blue color; frequencies upper calm limit are displayed in red color.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

Use this plot to display the energy yield of your wind turbine over a defined period.

The energy yield is calculated as follows:

Where N_i refers to the number of hours in bin i and P_i is the averaged power in bin i.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Energy yield plot. Select a data logger from your project, if more than one data logger is related to the project. Select a Wind speed sensor, the Power curve of your turbine and choose start and end of the period, which should be displayed. Click on Plot to show the energy yield plot.

If no Power curve has been defined, go to the Settings → Wind turbines menu and add a turbine.

Figure 6.24. Selectable option for the energy yield plot

The energy yield of your turbine is displayed in a bar chart with 0.5 m/s wind speed bins.

Figure 6.25. Example for the energy yield plot

Below the plot, a data table is displayed, listing all wind speed bins, the energy yield of your turbine as well as the total energy yield for the selected period.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

In the Histogram all available evaluations can be displayed to analyse the frequency distribution in selectable bins.

to to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Histogram plot. Select a data logger from the dropdown list and set the time period, which should be displayed. Choose Evaluation, Statistic and Bin width.

Figure 6.26. Options for histogram

Via Plot AmmonitOR calculates the chart.

Figure 6.27. Example: Histogram of wind speed for a determined period

Click on Show data table to display the table, on Hide data table to hide the table.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The occurrence polar displays occurancies of an evaluation per wind direction bin and wind speed bin.

Chose an evaluation to draw a polar graph for a certain time period. Important is to specify the wind direction sectors as well as the wind speed bins for the occurrence calculations. The occurrence are displyaed in form of color map. Different color maps are available to increase the contrast.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Occurrence polar plot. Select a data logger from your project, if more than one data logger is related to the project. Select a Evaluation type and choose start and end of the period, which should be displayed. Click on Plot to show the evaluation type occurency polar.

Figure 6.28. Selectable option for the occurrence polar plot

Figure 6.29. Example for the occurrence polar plot

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The plot with speed direction bars displays the frequency scale of wind speed and wind direction in a wind rose diagram using coloured bars, which indicate different wind speed bins.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Speed direction bar plot. Select a data logger and define a period, which should be considered. Choose an evaluation pair and determine the number of sectors in the wind rose diagram.

If no Speed/direction pair has been defined, an information box is shown. Click on Add new evaluation pair and select a wind speed and a wind direction sensor to calculate the evaluation.

Evaluation pairs can also be defined in the Settings → Data logger menu. See Section 9.2.2, “Data logger details (Overview)” for further details.

By default Normed is active to display the values in percentage. If the Normed checkbox is ticked off, AmmonitOR shows the frequency; how often a wind speed value of a defined scope has been measured in a wind direction sector according to the selected chart options as numbers.

Select Table with weibull data to see additional weibull data in the data table. AmmonitOR displays a table referring to the chosen sectors. Wind speed average, weibull's a and weibull's k as well as the frequency of every sector are calculated and displayed. Table with weibull data is not selected by default.

Figure 6.30. Options for speed direction bars diagram

Click on Plot to create the diagram.

Figure 6.31. Example: Wind speed and wind direction for a determined period

The plot shows a wind rose with coloured bars, which indicate how often a wind speed has been measured for a wind direction sector. The colours indicate the value in m/s. Refer to the data table below the plot for the wind speed bin related to the colour shown in the wind rose.

Click on Show data table to display the table, on Hide data table to hide the table.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The speed direction dots diagram displays the frequency scale of wind speed and wind direction data for a determined period in a wind rose diagram.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Speed direction dots plot. Select a data logger and define a period, for which should be displayed. Choose an evaluation pair and determine the number of sectors in the wind rose diagram.

If no Speed/direction pair has been defined, an information box is shown. Click on Add new evaluation pair and select a wind speed and a wind direction sensor to calculate the evaluation.

Evaluation pairs can also be defined in the Settings → Data logger menu. See Section 9.2.2, “Data logger details (Overview)” for further details.

Figure 6.32. Options for speed direction dots diagram

Click on Plot to create the speed direction dots diagram.

Figure 6.33. Example: Wind speed and wind direction for a determined period

The measurement values are displayed in a wind rose. The higher the wind speed the farther away are the dots from the center of the wind rose diagram. The wind speed is indicated on a scale (0m/s is in the center of the wind rose diagram).

AmmonitOR lists the frequency of measurement values in percentage; how often a wind speed value of a defined scope has been measured in a wind direction sector according to the selected chart options. Click on Show data table to display the table, on Hide data table to hide the table.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The wind direction plot displays the frequency scale of wind directions in a wind rose diagram. AmmonitOR displays for each wind direction sensor a separate wind rose diagram.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Wind direction plot. Select a data logger from the project and determine the period, which should be monitored. Choose the number of sectors for the wind rose diagram.

By default Normed is active and the frequency is displayed in percentage. If you deselect the Normed checkbox, the frequency of measurement data is displayed.

Figure 6.34. Options for wind rose diagram

Click on Plot to generate the wind rose diagram(s).

Figure 6.35. Example: Wind rose for a determined period

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

AmmonitOR displays the frequency scale of all installed wind speed sensors in histograms. Weibull parameters can be displayed. The distribution of measurement values are calculated in 0.5 m/s bins.

Figure 6.36. Options for wind speed histogram

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Distribution the Wind speed plot. Select a data logger from the project and determine the period, which should be monitored. Click on Plot to display for each wind speed sensor a histogram with Weibull curve and Weibull parameters.

Figure 6.37. Histogram of wind speed

Weibull parameters are calculated using the Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimation algorithm.

The first equation (shape parameter) is estimated using iterative processes with a precision of ±0.0001, the scale parameter is derived from the estimated shape parameter using the second equation.

For each wind speed sensor, AmmonitOR lists the frequency for all 0.5 m/s bins in a data table below the histograms. Click on Show data table to display the table, on Hide data table to hide the data table.

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
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The correlation occurrency plot is used to compare measurement values (evaluations) of the same sensor type, e.g., anemometers. Thus measurement errors or defective sensors can easily be detected. In addition to the correlation plot the occurrency is displayed. For detailed explanations go to Section 6.1.4.2, “Correlation plot”.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Comparison the Correlation occurency plot. Select a data logger and define the period, which should be considered for the plot. Choose an Evaluation type from the dropdown list. AmmonitOR automatically includes all sensors of the evaluation type in the plot. Deselect sensors, which should not be displayed in the correlation profile by using the CTRL key. Click on Plot to display the correlation occurency profile.

Figure 6.38. Selectable options for correlation occurency plot

Figure 6.39. Correlation occurrence profile for wind direction

	Tip
	The plot can be shared with other project users, e.g., to inform about any circumstances. Click on Link for sharing this plot. A URL is displayed, which can be copied to an email.

	Note
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	Important
	Depending on the installation height of the correlated sensors, the gradient angle of the regression line is different. This is because of atmospheric layers. It affects all height-dependent sensors, e.g., anemometers, temperature sensors and air pressure sensors.

The correlation plot is used to compare measurement values (evaluations) of the same sensor type, e.g., anemometers. Thus measurement errors or defective sensors can easily be detected.

One sensor is used as reference. AmmonitOR automatically selects the sensor with the greatest installation height as reference, it indicated. The reference sensor is shown on x-axis; other sensors on the y-axis. For example: top anemometer on x-axis and backup anemometer on y-axis. All measurement values are displayed in a data cluster - optimally on a diagonal.

AmmonitOR calculates a regression line for each correlation, which is displayed in the plot. Thus the trend of the measurement values can be monitored.

The regression line is calculated as follows:

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Comparison the Correlation plot. Select a data logger and define the period, which should be considered for the plot. Choose an Evaluation type from the dropdown list. AmmonitOR automatically includes all sensors of the evaluation type in the plot. Deselect sensors, which should not be displayed in the correlation profile by using the CTRL key. Click on Plot to display the correlation profile.

Figure 6.40. Selectable options for correlation profile

Figure 6.41. Correlation profile for wind direction

	Tip
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	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The explanation next to the diagram (see Figure 6.41, “Correlation profile for wind direction”) indicates, which regression line corresponds to the correlated sensor. The coefficient of determination R² indicates the linear correlation. R² = 1 means optimal correlation; R² = 0 indicates no linear correlation.

	Important
	Depending on the installation height of the correlated sensors, the gradient angle of the regression line is different. This is because of atmospheric layers. It affects all height-dependent sensors, e.g., anemometers, temperature sensors and air pressure sensors.

The long term comparison profile is used to monitor and detect wear on the top anemometer based on the correlation with the backup anemometer. For a determined period measurement values of the top anemometer are correlated with measurement values of the backup anemometer.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Comparison the Long term comparison profile. Select primary and backup wind speed evaluations, which should be correlated. Select a wind direction evaluation.

Wind speed data can be filtered to monitor only a typical wind speed range. Additionally, wind speed data related to a determined wind direction sector can be considered. To do so, select the filter for wind speed and / or wind direction.

Figure 6.42. Options for long term comparison profile

AmmonitOR displays three plots: correlation per day, relation of the chosen anemometers and turbulence intensity over time.

	Tip
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	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

Generate this plot to display shadow zones caused by the mast or lightning protection. AmmonitOR shows the wind direction by calculating the quotient [ q] of two anemometers. The generated chart shows a bulge in the direction of the mast, lightning protection or obstacle.

The shadow zone is calculated as follows:

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Comparison the Shadow zone plot. Select a data logger and determine the period, which should be displayed. Choose wind speed sensors and a wind vane. The numerator should be the top anemometer and the divisor the backup anemometer. However, it is possible to compare other anemometers installed on different heights - according to literature the height difference should not exceed 5m.

Figure 6.46. Options for shadow zone plot

Click on Plot to create the shadow zone diagram.

Figure 6.47. Example: Shadow zone plot

In order to show the shadow zone plot in a cartesian chart, select Cartesian.

	Tip
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	Note
	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.

The simple height profile is used to compare evaluations in different installation heights. AmmonitOR displays the average values including standard deviation of an evaluation for a determined period.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Comparison the Simple height profile. Select a data logger and determine the period, which should be displayed. Choose an Evaluation type, for which all installed sensors are shown in the plot.

Click on Plot to display the diagram.

Figure 6.48. Options: Simple height profile

For example: If the simple height profile for wind speed should be displayed, AmmonitOR shows for each installed anemometer a graph.

Figure 6.49. Example: Simple height profile for wind speed

	Tip
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	Note
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The soiling ratio plot displays three plots, who are relevant to get the full picture of soiling ratio. According to IEC 61724-1:2021 the daily soiling ratio is a weighted average build from measurements between 10:00 and 14:00 local time. The first plot Daily soiling ratio (Weighted Avg) will display this values by taking the selected Soiling Ratio evaluation into account.

Daily soiling ratio plot also shows the count of soiling ratio evaluation to make visible the amount of used data points to calculate the daily weighted average.

To understand what the measured soiling ratio influences the Irradiance and Soiling ratio plot displays clean and soiled irradiance evaluations, who needs to be selected through the drop down menu, clean irradiance evaluation and soiled irradiance evaluation. The soiling ratio evaluation is also displayed, but without filtering nor weightening.

Relevant to judge soiling ratio values measured by a two solar panel system are also the temperature values of both modules. Those are displayed in the third plot Temperature of clean and soiled panels. Therefore the related temperature evaluations have to be selected throught the two drop down menues. One is for the clean and one for the soiled temperature evaluation

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Soiling measurement the Soiling Ratio. Select a data logger and define the period, which should be considered for the plot.

Figure 6.50. Weighted soiling ratio

Figure 6.51. Soiling ratio and effective irradiance

Figure 6.52. Temperature of soiled and clean solar panels

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	Note
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The Soiling Loss Index is compareable to Soiling Ratio and shows Section 6.1.5.2, “Soiling Loss Index”.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Soiling measurement the Soiling Loss Index. Select a data logger and define the period, which should be considered for the plot. Choose an Evaluation type from the dropdown list. AmmonitOR automatically includes all sensors of the evaluation type in the plot. Deselect sensors, which should not be displayed in the correlation profile by using the CTRL key. Click on Plot to display the correlation occurency profile.

Figure 6.53. Daily soiling Loss Index (weighted)

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	Note
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The XY soiling profile provides all relevant soiling evaluations and their support evaluations to be displayed in an classic XY plot.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Soiling measurement the XY Soiling profile. Select soiling evaluations, which should be displayed. To get additional information to your soiling situation select support evaluations like temperature or effective irradiance evaluations. Optional the statistics can be selected to show e.g. the count of the measurement.

	Tip
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	Note
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Turbulence intensity is crucial for the wind turbine design, especially to calculate the wind load on the rotor blades and on the tower. It does not necessarily have an impact on the energy yield.

Horizontal and vertical wind speed data is necessary to calculate the turbulence intensity. It is recommended installing a propeller anemometer to measure the vertical wind speed in addition to cup anemometers (horizontal wind speed). Ultrasonic anemometers can also be installed, which measure horizontal and vertical wind speed as well as wind direction.

The average turbulence intensity (I_v) is given in % (percentage). The turbulence intensity is the proportion of standard deviation (σ) and average (v) of the 10min-statistics for a certain period.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Turbulence analysis the Turbulence intensity plot. Select a data logger from the project and determine the period, which should be monitored. Choose a wind speed evaluation. If more than one wind speed evaluation should be displayed, hold the CTRL key and use the left-mouse click to choose further evaluations. Click on Plot to display the chart.

By selecting the checkbox Turbulence intensity profile for IEC's normal turbulence model, curves of the normal turbulence model are displayed in the diagram, see Figure 6.57, “Example: Mean and characteristic turbulence intensity”.

Figure 6.54. Options for turbulence intensity plots

AmmonitOR generates four plots to monitor turbulence intensity.

Figure 6.55. Example: Turbulence intensity frequency scale

Figure 6.55, “Example: Turbulence intensity frequency scale” displays the frequency scale of the turbulence intensity on the wind speed.

Figure 6.56. Example: Turbulence intensity vs. installation height

Figure 6.56, “Example: Turbulence intensity vs. installation height” displays the turbulence intensity of the selected wind speed sensor on the different installation heights.

Figure 6.57. Example: Mean and characteristic turbulence intensity

Figure 6.57, “Example: Mean and characteristic turbulence intensity” displays the mean and characteristic turbulence intensity of the selected sensor.

AmmonitOR lists for each wind speed bin average and standard deviation of the wind speed. Click on Show data table to review the data, on Hide data table to hide the data table.

Figure 6.58. Example: Turbulence intensity trend

Figure 6.58, “Example: Turbulence intensity trend” displays the trend of the turbulence intensity for the selected period.

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The turbulence intensity polar displays the frequency scale of the turbulence intensity in a wind rose plot.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Turbulence analysis the Turbulence intensity polar plot. Select a data logger from the project and determine the period, which should be monitored. Choose a wind speed and a wind direction evaluation from the list. Click on Plot to display the wind rose diagram.

Figure 6.59. Options for turbulence intensity polar

By default Normed is active and the frequency of measurement values is displayed in percentage. If you deselect the Normed checkbox, AmmonitOR displays the frequency of the measurement values in numbers.

Figure 6.60. Example: Turbulence intensity polar

The turbulence intensity in the different wind direction sectors is highlighted according to a colour scale. The colours are indicated in the data table below the diagram. AmmonitOR lists for each wind direction sector (10°) the frequency of turbulence intensity in 10% bins.

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Use this plot to display the calculated energy yield of your wind turbine over a defined period. Additionally, a reference wind turbine can be added to the plot to compare the energy yield of your turbine with the energy yield of the reference turbine.

The energy yield is calculated as follows:

WhereN_i refers to the number of hours in bin i and P_i is the averaged power in bin i.

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Power curve measurement the Energy yield plot. Select a data logger from your project, if more than one data logger are related to the project. Select a Speed/power pair and choose start and end of the period, which should be displayed. Optionally, a Power curve can be included in the plot - select one from the dropdown list. Click on Plot to show the energy yield plot.

If no Speed/power pair has been defined, a red-colored information box is displayed. Click on Add new evaluation pair and select a wind speed sensor and a power measuring unit (power meter) to calculate the evaluation for the energy yield. It is possible to create more than on Speed/power pair.

Evaluation pairs can also be defined in the Settings → Data logger menu. See Section 9.2.2, “Data logger details (Overview)” for further details.

If no Power curve has been defined, go to the Settings → Wind turbine menu and add a wind turbine.

Figure 6.61. Selectable option for the energy yield plot

The energy yield of your turbine is displayed in blue bars. If selected, the energy yield of the reference wind turbine is displayed in red bars.

Figure 6.62. Example for the energy yield plot

Below the plot, a data table can be displayed by clicking on Show data table. AmmonitOR lists for all wind speed bins the energy yield of your turbine as well as the total enery yield for the selected period. Additionally, AmmonitOR lists the mean wind speed per wind speed bin. If a wind turbine has been selected for comparison reasons, the table list all values of the turbine in a separate column.

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In order to estimate the energy yield according to IEC 61400-12-1 a number of measurement values have to be collected. Use this plot to predict the annual energy yield based on wind speed and power curve data for a specified time period.

By setting the Operational range of the turbine, the extrapolated energy yield per wind speed bin is displayed in the plot. The measurement data is extrapolated to display the maximum achieveable energy yield per wind speed bin. According to IEC 61400-12-1 a number of measurement values have to be available to confirm the calculation. Areas with missing measurement values are highlighted in the plot.

Additionally, a reference turbine can be included in the plot to compare its data with your turbine.

According to IEC 61400-12-1 the energy yield forecast is calculated as follows:

Where N _h represents the number of hours in the chosen time period, F _v is the Rayleigh probability distribution, v _i is the averaged wind speed per bin i and P _i is the averaged power per bin i.

The Rayleigh distribution is calculated as follows:

Where v _avg is the mean wind speed the energy yield is predicted for (4−11 m/s).

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Power curve measurement the Estimated energy yield plot. Select a data logger from the dropdown list and choose a Speed/power pair. Set start and end of the period, which should be displayed. Enter the Operational range of your turbine with cut-in and cut out. Use a hyphen ( -) to separate the values, e.g., 3-20.

If no Speed/power pair has been defined, a red-colored information box is displayed. Click on Add new evaluation pair and select a wind speed sensor and a power measuring unit (power meter) to calculate the evaluation for the energy yield. It is possible to create more than on Speed/power pair.

Evaluation pairs can also be defined in the Settings → Data logger menu. See Section 9.2.2, “Data logger details (Overview)” for further details.

If a reference turbine should be included in the plot, choose a turbine from the list under Compare with database power curve. The selected reference turbine will be displayed with red-colored bars in the plot. If no reference turbine has been defined, go to the Settings → Wind turbines menu and add the required turbine data.

Figure 6.63. Selectable option for the estimated energy yield plot

Click on Plot to show the estimated energy yield plot.

Figure 6.64. Example for the estimated energy yield plot

Below the plot, a data table is displayed. AmmonitOR lists for all wind speed bins the estimated energy yield. If a reference turbine has been selected, AmmonitOR lists also the energy yield of the reference turbine per wind speed bin.

If the Operational range of the turbine has been entered, AmmonitOR displays the extrapolated values and its share referring to the number of values available for the energy yield calculation in the table.

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Use this plot to display the power curve and optionally the power coefficient of your turbine. AmmonitOR generates a number of wind speed bins in 0.5 m/s steps according to IEC 61400-12-1. For each wind speed bin, the power is calculated and displayed. Additionally, a reference turbine can be added to the graph to compare the values.

The power per wind speed bin is calculated according IEC 61400-12-1:

Where N_i is the number of used 10 minute datasets per bin i. j is the dataset of the chosen time period. P_i,j stands for all power data in bin i in the dataset j.

If the Rotor diameter of the turbine has been entered, AmmonitOR calculates the power coefficient also according IEC 61400-12-1:

Where ρ ₀ is the air density at 15°C (1.225kg/m³), A is the swept area and v _i is the mean wind speed in bin i that is calculated as:

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Power curve measurement the Power curve plot. Select a data logger from the list and set start and end of the period, which should be shown in the graph. Select a Speed/power pair from the list. Optionally, a reference power curve can be added to the plot.

If no Speed/power pair has been defined, a red-colored information box is displayed. Click on Add new evaluation pair and select a wind speed sensor and a power measuring unit (power meter) to calculate the evaluation. It is possible to create more than on Speed/power pair.

Evaluation pairs can also be defined in the Settings → Data logger menu. See Section 9.2.2, “Data logger details (Overview)” for further details.

If no Power curve has been defined, go to the Settings → Wind turbine menu and add a wind turbine.

Optionally the Rotor diameter (in m) of the wind turbine can be entered to display the Power coefficient.

In order to compare your wind turbine with a reference turbine, choose a turbine from the list. The reference values are displayed in red color in the graph.

Figure 6.65. Options for the power curve graph

Click on Plot to display the power curve graph.

Figure 6.66. Example of the power curve graph

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Use this plot to display the wind power density at your site. For each wind direction bin, the potential energy of the wind flow is calculated and displayed in a polar plot. Depending on the available evaluations, the calculation method differs as follows:

If there is at least a wind speed evaluation, the wind power density is calculated as:

Where ρ is the air density and v is the wind speed.

If there is a temperature evaluation and a air pressure evaluation available, the wind power density is calculated as follows:

Where B is the air pressure, R ₀ is the gas constant of dry air (287.05 J/kgK) and T is the absolute temperature.

If there is additionally a humidity evaluation available, the wind power density is calculated as follows:

Where φ is the humidity, Pb_W is the vapor pressure (0.0000205 · e^{0.0613846 · T}), R_W is the gas constant of water vapor (461.5 J/kgK).

Go to the Data inspection → Plots menu and select in section Power curve measurement the Wind power density plot. Select a data logger from the list and set start and end of the period, which should be shown in the graph. Select the shown evaluations from the lists.If a evaluation is not available, it's not displayed'. If the mean value for the wind power density per bin is desired, Show average value per bin has to be selected. The calculation of this mean value can take some time.

Figure 6.67. Options for the wind power density graph

Click on Plot to display the wind power density graph.

Figure 6.68. Example of the wind power density graph

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	Click on PDF to open a PDF file with the plot.